ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Mellitus [DM] is a developing worldwide wellbeing concern. In 2000, diabetes affected an expected 171 million individual's world-wide; moreover, by 2011 this had expanded to more than 366 million and numbers are relied upon to surpass 552 million by 2030. Objective: The present study aimed at increasing the awareness and prevents the complications of diabetes mellites type 1 in children
Methodology: The current study was a cross-sectional community-based study of a qualitative and quantitative approach. Our study enrolled 80 candidates, from both gender. Participants were subjected to controlled self-administered close-ended study questionnaire all through the period between July to August 2018; and one month for data analysis. Our current data were taken from Al-jouf population in Saudi Arabia
Results: [58; 72.5%] of the participants were having children with diabetes; where only 22; [27%] of them were not having children with diabetes. Moreover, 60; 75% were answered that they have only one child with diabetes, while [14; 17.5%] answered that they have two children and the lowest rate was for the third group who answered that they have more than three children [6; 7.5%]. Furthermore, the age ranges of the diabetic children were [1-5 years old] with proportions of [14; 17.5%], [6-10 years old] with [28; 35%], and the highest range was [11+ years old] with [38; 47.5%]
Conclusion and Recommendation: the current study sheds light on a global and nationwide health problem that affects children in the first stage of life which is diabetes type1. It has a high rate in urban communities. The findings of the present study highlighted the need of raising and improving the awareness through educational programs about management of self-care to prevent and/or reduce the increasing numbers of children patients with DM1
ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of abnormal laboratory and physical findings, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state, and prothrombotic state that results in a patient having significantly higher risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality. There are slight differences between institutions in defining metabolic syndrome across the world. To achieve adequate management and treatment and decrease the risk of subsequent diseases, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
Aim: In this review, we aimed to study the pathophysiology behind the development of metabolic syndrome, and also to explore the approach to its management
Materials and Methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: metabolic syndrome, pro-thrombotic state, pro-inflammatory state, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular mortality
Results: The major aspects of treatment include weight reduction by diet, medication, as well as bariatric surgery [in some cases], and managing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with diet and medication
Conclusion: The most important intervention in managing patients with metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modification with improved diet and exercise. To achieve adequate treatment and decrease the risk of adverse outcomes, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
ABSTRACT
Background: Congenital heart defects [CHDs] are significant drivers of mortality and morbidity in children, folic acid supplementation for the pregnant month during or before delivery is said to influence risk reduction of congenital heart defects [CHDs]. However, there are controversial claims and the hypothesis is concluded from limited epidemiologic studies
Aim of the Study: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to reliably evaluate the correlation between Folic acid or multivitamins containing FA supplementation taken during pregnancy and the risk of CHDs
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. PUBMED and EMBASE were searched to identify prospective cohort and case-control studies that had reported on the association between 1960 and 2017. Studies conducted in primarily high-risk populations [Case control and cohort studies] while participants in randomized controlled trials were excluded
Results: The search yielded 10 studies published between 2000 and 2013 enrolling 13126 female participants. These studies included only one cohort study, and nine case-control studies. The overall results of this meta-analysis provide evidence that maternal folate supplementation is associated with a significantly decreased risk of CHDs [RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54-0.84]. Statistically significant heterogeneity was detected [Q = 79.43, P < 0.001, I2 = 70.2%]
Conclusion: FA supplementation during pregnancy significantly decreases the risk of CHDs in newborns
ABSTRACT
Background: Congenital heart disease is the most prevalent form of primary congenital disability in newborns and is the leading cause of death in children with congenital malformations. It occurs in approximately 0.8% of live births. With advances in both palliative and corrective surgery, the number of children with congenital heart disease surviving to adulthood has increased dramatically . Tetralogy of Fallot [TOF] is one of the conotruncal family of heart lesions in which the primary defect is an anterior deviation of the infundibular septum [the muscular septum that separates the aortic and pulmonary outflows]
Objective: To revise patients with tetralogy of Fallot [TOF] underwent palliative or total corrective surgical repair in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Methods: retrospective study was approved from the institutional review board of Madinah cardiac center and abandoned the need for patient consent. Patient Demographic data and procedure details were retrieved from the hospital information system [HIS]. From 2014 till end of 2017, 72 patients had the diagnosis of TOF [ICD 10 code, Q21.3]. Twelve patients were excluded from them. Thus, 60 patients were left as the study cohort. Fifty four patients had total repair from the start [Group I], 3 patients had initial palliative procedure [group II] and 3 patients had both initial palliative procedure then later total repair. All patients from 1 day to less than 14 years are included. All data were analyzed using GraphPad prism version 5.00 for windows
Results: 61.67% of our patients were males, and 38.33% were females with the ratio of 1.6 [Male: Female]. Six [10%] cases were subjected to a palliative correction surgery [group I] and 57 [95%] cases were subjected to total repair surgery [group II]. 11 [18.3%] cases had post-operative complications, 2 [18.2%] cases from group I and 9 [81.8%] cases from group II. Regarding to the type of surgery there was no statistically significant difference between gender and pre and post-operation stay. Also no significance with length of stay, re-intervention, mortality and complications. While there was a significant correlation between age, weight, RPA and LPA
Conclusion: In our cohort of TOF patients the incidence of the disease was higher among males than females. The continuous follow up was highly recommended for TOF patients. The outcomes of surgical treatment including palliative, total and intervention correction surgeries was a complete recovery of 28.33% of studied patients, and the remaining [71.67%] had post-surgical complications
ABSTRACT
Background: despite the modern society and medical knowledge, irritable bowel syndrome has been common these days in medical students in Hail city
Objectives: irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is a common gastrointestinal disease presenting with abdominal pain, bloating and change in bowel habit. This study aims to assess the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in medical students in Hail's university, Saudi Arabia
Methods: a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome was randomly distributed among men and women in Hail University in Hail city, of Saudi Arabia from January to February 2018 involving 133 medical student participants
Results: in 18% of the participants have been diagnosed with IBS and 28.5% fit Rome IV criteria for the diagnosis of IBS. Stress with a percentage of 69.2% and lack of exercise 75.9% being the highest risk factors of IBS
Conclusion: our result showed that huge number of medical students are suffering from inflammatory bowel syndrome